Interstitial Lung Diseases:
What They Are and How They Are Treated

Interstitial lung diseases are a group of diseases that affect the interstitial tissue of the lungs. The inflammation and fibrosis they cause lead to shortness of breath, cough and reduced oxygenation of the body.

 

 

Main causes

• Environmental factors: exposure to dust, asbestos, chemicals.
• Autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus.
• Medications: side effects of certain treatments.
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: no apparent cause.

Symptoms

• Persistent shortness of breath that gets worse.
• Dry cough.
• Fatigue & weakness
• Chest pain or stiffness
• Reduced exercise tolerance

Diagnosis

The test includes:

• Spirometry & functional respiratory testing
• High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
• Bronchoscopy or biopsy (where necessary)

Treatment

Treatment is individualized and may include:

• Anti-inflammatory & antifibrotic drugs
• Oxygen therapy
• Pulmonary rehabilitation programs

📌 Early diagnosis is the “key” to a better prognosis.